Which term describes specific neurons in your brain that alter their rates of firing?

The term that best describes specific neurons in your brain that alter their rates of firing is "Integrating center." This refers to the role of certain neurons in processing incoming sensory information and integrating it with existing data, leading to a response. These integrating centers can modify their firing rates based on various stimuli or signals, reflecting the brain's ability to adapt to changes in the internal and external environment.

In addition, the other options represent different components of the nervous system. Effectors are muscles or glands that carry out the responses directed by the nervous system but do not themselves alter firing rates. The afferent pathway refers to the pathways that carry sensory information to the central nervous system from the periphery, while the efferent pathway carries commands from the central nervous system to effectors. These pathways do not inherently alter firing rates; instead, they serve distinct roles in the transmission of information and responses within the nervous system.